Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the central nervous system (CNS) in which the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers. This results in communication disruptions between the brain and the rest of the body, leading to a range of symptoms such as vision problems, fatigue, muscle weakness, and difficulty with coordination and balance. Research in the field of multiple sclerosis focuses on understanding the underlying causes of the disease, developing more effective treatments to manage symptoms and slow disease progression, and ultimately finding a cure. This research includes studying the role of genetics, environmental factors, and the immune system in the development of MS, as well as exploring potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring disease activity. New therapeutic approaches, such as disease-modifying drugs, stem cell therapies, and rehabilitation strategies, are also being investigated in clinical trials to improve outcomes for individuals with MS. Additionally, research in neuroimmunology, neuroimaging, and neuroprotective strategies is expanding our knowledge of the disease process and informing personalized treatment plans for patients with MS.